NMDI_SOIL detects soil moisture stress and drought conditions by combining multiple spectral bands sensitive to soil moisture and texture. It highlights dry or degraded soils and is effective in land degradation monitoring. Higher NMDI_SOIL values indicate dry, drought-prone soils, while lower values suggest adequate moisture levels.

Sentinel = (B08 - (B11 - B12)) / (B08 + (B11 - B12))
Landsat 8-9 = (nir08 - (swir16 - swir22)) / (nir08 + (swir16 - swir22))