• Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water. It is a crucial aspect of the environment, public health, and various industries that rely on water for different purposes. Water quality is assessed using suitable mathematical/computational models to predict the behaviour of specific water quality parameters in a water body and determine if water is ideal for various uses, such as drinking, agriculture, industrial processes, and supporting aquatic ecosystems.
  • Notable water quality parameters include pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Heavy metal, Coliform bacteria, Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), absorption due to Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (aCDOM) and Turbidity.
  • Only optically active parameters such as Chl-a (in mg m3), turbidity (in NTU), and aCDOM(443) (in m1) are considered valid inputs to the present Water Quality Index model and estimated directly from satellite-derived Level-2 water reflectance images after applying suitable bio-optical/machine learning algorithms. These three parameters are then used for the calculation of the Trophic State Index (TSI), Turbidity Index (TI), and CDOM Index (CI). Later, TSI, TI and CI are supplied to the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) model as inputs to generate the Water Quality Index (WQI) raster image.
  • The calculated TSI, TI, CI, and WQI rasters will have values between 0-100 (Unitless), and the significance of these indexes for analysing water quality can be easily interpreted from table below.

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